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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=90TT2991>
<title>
Nov. 12, 1990: America Abroad
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 12, 1990 Ready For War
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 48
AMERICA ABROAD
The Phony Windfall
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Strobe Talbott
</p>
<p> CARACAS
</p>
<p> If any country is in a position to profit from the
misfortunes of the Middle East, it is Venezuela. As one of the
largest exporters of petroleum outside the Persian Gulf, it
stands to reap a windfall of $2 billion this year from the rise
in oil prices since Iraq invaded Kuwait. Yet as seen from
Miraflores Palace, the official residence of President Carlos
Andres Perez, every silver lining has its cloud. "This is phony
money that we're making from the crisis," said Perez last week.
"Whatever it can buy today, it may bring us damage and danger
tomorrow."
</p>
<p> Perez speaks from experience. During an earlier term as
President he led his country on a giddy spending spree when oil
revenues soared after the Yom Kippur War and the Arab embargo
brought on the first oil shock in 1973. Venezuela squandered
billions of petrodollars on luxury imports, high-visibility
public works and a bloated state bureaucracy. When oil prices
fell in the early 1980s, Venezuela retreated behind a wall of
protectionism and a popular though inefficient system of price
supports for local products.
</p>
<p> By then Perez was out of office, with plenty of time to
ponder a lesson for the future. "A price spike is bad for
everybody, producers and consumers alike," he says. "It is worst
for developing countries that have oil, because they tend to go
on a binge of happy-go-lucky indebtedness." Since returning to
the presidency in early 1989, Perez has reined in government
spending, reduced subsidies and tried to stimulate growth by
easing restrictions on foreign trade and investment. He hopes
that with infusions of capital from abroad, Venezuelan firms
will be better able to sell their goods on international
markets.
</p>
<p> But Venezuela's integration with the outside world makes it
all the more vulnerable to what is happening there. Faced with
staggering new energy costs, Third World and East European
countries are asking for Venezuelan oil on credit or at a
discount. The more poverty grows in Latin America and the
Caribbean, the more Venezuela must worry about illegal
immigration, cross-border crime and political instability in the
region. Should high prices trigger a full-scale recession in the
U.S., there will be fewer buyers for Venezuelan exports, higher
interest on outstanding debt and less American capital to help
underwrite expansion.
</p>
<p> Perez also fears that the spurt in oil prices could
jeopardize his efforts to wean his country from the profligacy
of the 1970s. "The psychological consequences of these extra
revenues conspire against our people's willingness to accept an
increase in the cost of living and other austerities that come
with reform," he says. "With all these short-term profits, many
will say, `Why worry any longer?'"
</p>
<p> Not that Perez plans to leave the Saddam bonus unspent. His
government intends to build new wells, refineries and storage
facilities. During a meeting in New York in October, Perez told
George Bush that Venezuela plans to expand its production
capacity. Great, said Bush; a former Texas oil speculator
himself, he wasted no time in urging Perez to liberalize
Venezuelan foreign-investment laws even further and let U.S.
companies join in exploration and production. Perez's political
opponents might make that difficult for him, since it was he who
nationalized Venezuela's U.S.-dominated oil industry in 1974.
But whether Yanquis are involved in the drilling and pumping or
not, Perez said last week that his government is committed to
expanding Venezuela's capacity over the next two or three years
by about 50%, or 1 million barrels a day. The more oil that is
available in the Western hemisphere, the less the industrialized
world will have to rely on the ever tumultuous Middle East.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>